Breast ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging technique used to evaluate abnormalities in the breast tissue. Utilizing high-frequency sound waves, this procedure provides detailed images of the internal structures of the breast, aiding in the diagnosis and management of various breast conditions.

How Breast Ultrasound Works

Breast ultrasound employs a transducer, a small handheld device, which emits sound waves into the breast tissue. These sound waves bounce back (echo) when they hit different tissues and are captured by the transducer. The echoes are then converted into real-time images by a computer, displaying the internal structure of the breast on a monitor. This method does not use ionizing radiation, making it a safe option for frequent use.

Clinical Applications

Diagnostic Evaluation

Breast ultrasound is commonly used to investigate abnormalities detected during physical exams or mammograms. It helps differentiate between solid masses (such as tumors) and fluid-filled cysts, providing crucial information about the nature of the abnormality. For instance, a benign cyst appears as a well-defined, round, and anechoic (dark) area on the ultrasound, whereas a solid mass might appear irregular and hypoechoic (lighter).

Guided Procedures

Ultrasound is instrumental in guiding breast biopsies and aspirations. During these procedures, the real-time imaging helps accurately locate the area of concern and guide the needle to the precise location for sample collection. This increases the accuracy of the biopsy and reduces the risk of complications.

Screening and Monitoring

High-Risk Patients

For women at high risk of breast cancer, such as those with a strong family history or genetic predisposition, breast ultrasound is often used in conjunction with mammography and MRI for more comprehensive screening. It can detect cancers that are not visible on mammograms, particularly in dense breast tissue where traditional mammograms may be less effective.

Follow-Up Imaging

Breast ultrasound is also utilized for monitoring known benign breast conditions and following up on previously detected abnormalities. It provides a non-invasive way to track changes over time, ensuring any significant developments are promptly addressed.

Advantages of Breast Ultrasound

Breast ultrasound offers several advantages, including its safety, as it avoids ionizing radiation. It is also effective in distinguishing between cystic and solid lesions and can be performed quickly and comfortably in an outpatient setting. Additionally, it provides real-time imaging, which is crucial for guiding interventional procedures.

Limitations

Despite its many benefits, breast ultrasound has limitations. It is operator-dependent, meaning the quality of the images and the accuracy of the interpretation can vary based on the skill of the technician and radiologist. Additionally, while it is excellent for evaluating certain types of breast abnormalities, it may not detect all forms of breast cancer, particularly those that present without a mass. Therefore, it is often used in combination with other imaging modalities to provide a comprehensive evaluation.